Plastic Waste Recycling Methods (Recycle)

As a result of the increasing level of private consumption as well as other activities also increased effluent / waste generated. Waste / effluent generated from the activity and private consumption is often called the domestic waste or garbage. Waste into environmental problems because of the quantity and level of danger of disrupting the lives of other living creatures. Besides increasing industrial activity can not be separated from environmental issues. Industry in addition to producing products also produce waste. And if industrial waste is discharged directly into the environment will cause environmental pollution. Waste is waste generated from a production process both industrial and domestic (household, better known as junk), whose presence at a particular time and place environmentally undesirable because it has no value ekonomis.Jenis waste basically have two common forms namely solid and liquid, with three basic principles of processing waste treatment technologies;
Waste generated is generally the result of a production process that came out in the form of% scrapt or raw material that was already able to use. In a law of ecology states that everything in this world nothing is free. This means that nature itself will remove the waste but the waste has always been and will be utilized by other creatures. This principle is known as the principle Ecosystem (ecological system) in which living things exist in a food supply chain will accept the waste as new raw materials.
Plastic Waste
The name represents the thousands of plastic materials of different physical properties, mechanical, and chemical. Broadly speaking, the plastic can be classified into two major categories, namely plastics are thermoplastic and thermoset nature. Thermoplastic can be easily re-formed and processed into another form, whereas type when it has hardened thermoset can not be softened again. The most common plastics used in everyday life are in the form of thermoplastic.
Along with technological developments, the need for plastics continues to increase. BPS data in 1999 showed that the volume of trade in Indonesia imported plastic, especially polypropylene (PP) in 1995 amounting to 136,122.7 tons, while in 1999 amounting to 182,523.6 tons, so that in that time there was an increase of 34.15%. The amount is expected to continue to increase in subsequent years. As a consequence, the increase in waste plastikpun inevitable. According to Hartono (1998) the composition of the waste or plastic waste disposed by each household was 9.3% of total household waste. In Jabotabek average each plant produces one ton of plastic waste every week. That number will continue to grow, due to the properties owned plastics, among others, can not rot, do not decompose naturally, can not absorb water, and can not rust, and eventually end up being a problem for the environment. (YBP, 1986).
Plastic is also an artificial material composed of inorganic chemicals berahaya enough for the environment. Instead of plastic waste is very difficult to be degraded naturally. To describe the plastic waste itself requires approximately 80 years to be degraded completely. Therefore the use of plastic materials can be said to be unfriendly to the environment or conservative when used without the use of certain restrictions. While in everyday life, especially we who are in Indonesia, the use of plastic materials we can find in almost all activities of our lives. And if we are aware, we are able to do more for this is by using the back (reuse) plastic bags stored at home. Thus indirectly we have reduced plastic waste that can be wasted after use (reduce). Or even better if we can recycle the plastic into something more useful (recycle). Just imagine if we shop for food in the shop three times a day in a month means one person can use 90 plastic bags that are often thrown away. If half the people in Indonesia do that it will be collected 90 × 125 million = 11 250 million plastic bags that pollute the environment. In contrast, if the condition goes the opposite of the savings we can hit up to nearly 90% of the total waste is wasted. But the phenomenon that occurs is a resident of Indonesia who are still embarrassed when carrying plastic bags everywhere. For information only that in a supermarket in China, all visitors are required to bring their own plastic bags and if not then it will bring additional cost incurred over the plastic supermarket.
Waste Management Recycle Plastic With Method (Recycling)
Utilization of waste plastics is an effort to suppress the plastic waste to a minimum and within specified limits save resources and reduce dependence on imported raw materials. Utilization of waste plastics can be done with reuse (reuse) and recycling (recycle). In Indonesia, the utilization of plastic waste in the household scale generally is to use again with different purposes, such as the paint is made of plastic are used for pot or bucket. Ugly side of reuse, especially in the form of packaging is often used for the counterfeiting of products such as often happens in big cities (Syafitrie, 2001).
Utilization of waste plastics with recycling is generally done by the industry. In general there are four requirements for a plastic waste can be processed by an industry, among others, certain wastes must be in the form as needed (seeds, pellets, powders, shards), wastes must be homogeneous, not contaminated, and sought not oxidized. To overcome this problem, before use of plastic waste is processed through simple steps, namely splitting, cutting, washing, and removal of substances such as iron and so on (Sasse et al., 1995).
There are things that benefit in the utilization of waste plastics in Indonesia compared to developed countries. This is possible because the separation manually which is considered not possible in developed countries, can be carried out in Indonesia which has abundant labor so that separation does not need to be done with advanced equipment that require high costs. These conditions allow the development of plastics recycling industry in Indonesia (Syafitrie, 2001).
Utilization of recycled plastics in the manufacture of plastic goods back has been growing rapidly. Almost all types of plastic waste (80%) can be processed back into the original item, although it must be mixing with new raw materials and additives to improve the quality (Syafitrie, 2001). According to Hartono (1998) four types of waste plastic are popular and sell well in the market that is polyethylene (PE), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and asoi.
Plastic Recycling In Matrix
In Indonesia, most of the recycled plastic used again as the original product with lower quality. Utilization of recycled plastic as a construction material is still very rare. In the 1980s, in Britain and Italy recycled plastics have been used to make telephone poles instead of wooden poles or iron. In Sweden recycled plastics used as plastics for the manufacture of brick multistory buildings, because lighter and more powerful than the commonly used brick (YBP, 1986).
Utilization of recycled plastics in the field of wood composites in Indonesia is still limited at the research stage. There are two strategies in the manufacture of composite wood with plastic harness, the first plastic used as a binder while the wood as the main component; both made of wood filler / filler and plastic as the matrix. Research on the utilization of recycled polypropylene plastics as a substitute for thermoset adhesive in particle board manufacturing has been done by Febrianto et al (2001). The resulting product has a particle board dimensional stability and high mechanical strength compared with conventional particle board. Research recycled plastic as a matrix of wood plastic composites made Setyawati (2003) and Sulaeman (2003) by using recycled polypropylene plastic. In the manufacture of recycled plastic wood composites, some thermoplastic polymers can be used as a matrix, but is limited by low temperatures and the beginning of heating wood decomposition (approximately 200 ° C).